The origin of life in the Earth is the most challenging scientific question, whereas searching for potential life signatures (or biosignatures) in our universe is one of the key scientific goals of space exploration missions. Biosignatures especially for ancient life are mostly preserved in sediments, either on the Earth or other planets, which can be greatly altered by biological activities. However, the recognition of biosignature in early or extraterrestrial sediments often remains ambiguous. It is intrinsically difficult to determine whether an observation is exclusively caused by biological processes. Particularly, small-scale structures are still challenging to understand, given their usually poor preservations and limited analytical protocols. Recently, due to the application of high-resolution microscopic analytical techniques and launch of sample-return missions, exciting discoveries have been made to extend our knowledge about the range of life in other planets, such as ancient Mars or its modern subsurface, ancient Venus or its modern clouds, subsurface oceans of icy moons such as Enceladus and Europa. In this session, we expect to discuss the production, preservation, and recognition of potential signature of life as well as habitability of environments on early Earth, Mars and other planets or moons. We welcome contributions involving diverse approaches, including but not limited to remote sensing observation and interpretation, modern environmental chemistry, geomicrobiological experiments, biology, geobiology, geochemistry, and numerical simulations/models, which bring multidisciplinary insights to constrain environmental habitability and the potential of life’s origination on early Earth, celestial bodies in solar system and beyond.