A microbial factor has been regarded as the key to unraveling the enigma of the ‘Dolomite Problem’. The multidisciplinary integration of geology and microbiology represents a milestone in dolomite research and leads to the development of the microbial dolomite model. With the rapid development of new analytical approaches in the last decade, such as high-resolution Mg and Ca isotopes, clumped isotopes, in situ C and O isotopes, and biogeochemical experiments, new perspectives have emerged for improving our understanding of the origin of dolomite/dolostone. This session aims to gather a range of multidisciplinary contributions bracketing mineralogy, biochemistry, geomicrobiology, sedimentology, and geochemistry researches that synthesize laboratory culture/synthetic experiments, geological observation, geochemical analyses, and numerical models to unravel the ‘Dolomite Problem’. Contributions from new geochemical proxies (e.g., Mg isotopes, Ca isotopes, and clumped isotopes, etc.) and biogeochemical tools and experiments describing the detailed biomineralization mechanisms of dolomite and/or the formation processes of dolostone are particularly encouraged.